‘Ali Ibn Abi Thalib
He is the son of the Prophet’s uncle -peace and prayer of Allah be upon His prophet-, and the husband of the Prophet’s daughter, Fatima -may Allah be pleased with her. ‘Ali is among the relatives of the Prophet who embraced Islam at the dawn of it’s period. His nickname is Abu Hasan or Abu Turab.
He was born about 10 years before the prophetic time and he was taken care by the Prophet -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him. He joined every battle, but the battle of Tabuk, and often assigned to bring the flag of troops. He has many excellences that do not belong to other people.
‘Ali was famous for his bravery, smartness, and vast knowledge. Hence, during the time of ‘Umar -may Allah be pleased with him – as caliph, he was appointed as the private advisor of the caliph. ‘Umar always needed his advices in every problems they faced, and even worried if he stumbled upon a problem while ‘Ali wasn’t there to counsel him. His role was so important, that some experts in nahwu (a branch of knowledge in Arabic language) dubbed a difficult problem to solve with “قَضِيَّةٌ وَ لَا أَبَا حَسَن لَهَا” (a problem without any explanation from Abu Hasan [Ali]).
It is narrated that ‘Ali once said, “Ask me, O people. By Allah, you do not ask me a thing but I’ll answer it. Ask me about the Book of Allah. By Allah, there is no single verse but I know whether it was descended during the night time or day time, on the lowland or the mountain.” Ibn Abbas -may Allah be pleased with him- said, “If there is an explanation from ‘Ali, we will not leave it.” In another narration, Ibn Abbas said, “Whatever tafseer of the Qur’an that I take, it came from ‘Ali Ibn Abi Thalib.”
He was sworn as the fourth caliph after the death of The Third caliph, Uthman Ibn Affan -may Allah be pleased with him. During his reign, two extreme, perverted groups emerged.
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